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Pediatrics basic pediatric nursing care 1 identify events that were significant to the health care of children in the united states in the 20 th century events that were significant to the health care of children were epidemic diseases being common there was no control over or treatment for such diseases such as smallpox diphtheria measles dysentery mumps chickenpox yellow fever cholera or whooping cough. Pediatric nurses are registered nurses who specialize in caring for patients from birth through adolescence they must have a deep knowledge of child growth and development as diseases and conditions in children often present and are treated differently than in adults. Basic necessities a child must have such basic necessities as sleep rest and proper nutrition to reach his highest potential children need more sleep than adults and nurses should keep in mind that sleep deprivation can impact performance on growth and development assessments chronic sleep deprivation yields negative physiologic consequences. Start studying basic pediatric nursing care chapter 31 learn vocabulary terms and more with flashcards games and other study tools